Mimo ze ciezko pracuje, Kasia ma teraz trudne czasy w pracy

APPENDIX A

Totally new admonitions extracted from radio stations plan “Co w mowie piszczy” [‘The proceedings for the speech’] made against the the fresh new versions out-of sibilants, transmit into seventh regarding me personally step 3.

APPENDIX B: Question

Rzadko kiedy dziadek sadza ja sama na kasie. Madzia caly czas musi patrzec czy kasa jest bezpieczna. Nasza gaza nie zawsze pokrywa koszty. Madzia we Kasia maja zakaz ubierania sie w pasiaste ubrania. Cale cialo ma byc zakryte. Czasem chodza carry out Kazia, zeby sie poskarzyc. Rady Kazia sa malo uzyteczne. Czesto i’m mowi „Ziarnko manage ziarnka a beneficial uzbiera sie miarka”. Czasami zartuje, ze moj szalony braciak maczal w tym palce. W takich sytuacjach siadam w kuchni we pieke ciasto marchewkowe. Ta mazia, ktora czesto mi wychodzi nie smakuje nawet dziadkowi. A beneficial jednak nie jest mi go zal, bo nikt nie jest tak nadziany jak on.

Regardless if she really works tough, Kasia is going by way of difficult times in the office. Hardly ever do grandpa build the girl stand by yourself during the examine-out counter. Madzia has to guarantee that the fresh glance at-away prevent is secure. Our very own spend does not always cover the expense. Madzia and Kasia provides a bar towards wear striped clothes. The whole human anatomy have to be secure. Occasionally, each goes so you’re able to Kazio to whine. Kazio’s information is not too of good use. The guy often says to him or her “A cent stored try anything achieved”. Both I say jokingly you to definitely my personal crazy aunt has actually played an excellent part in it. On the for example period, I attend the kitchen and bake good carrot cake. The newest material that often performance is not tasty even for grandfather. However, I don’t have a pity party to own your just like the no one is once the rich when he was.

APPENDIX C: Mathematical Abilities

Suggest thinking (remaining line) and you can basic deviations (right column) from formant wavelengths F1, F2, F3 of one’s before (V1) and you can adopting the vowel (V2) and additionally formant ranges of V1 and you will V2.

Result of mixed habits consequences Observe that the fresh formula from the lmertest plan we used in running combined designs showed that also t-viewpoints greater than dos were not tall. Throughout the dining tables shown about Appendix i place those individuals p-viewpoints in the parentheses (around three such as for example instances altogether).

” tabindex=”0″> Bottom line, there is certainly research that the alveolo-palatal sibilants tell you signs of a change in new pronunciation from specific ladies.

With the reason for today’s investigation, half dozen towns and cities on spectrogram of rule have been determined by placing the new cursor on adopting the points:

” tabindex=”0″> The frequency F? is the overall mean of all highest spectral peaks at the given acoustic landmark (mid of frication noise), game towards nearby kHz. In God and Tsu wife you may Shadle (2002) and Lousada ainsi que al. (2012), it was shown that this computation of F? and its rounding adapts well to finding the endpoint between the two parts of the spectra (low frequency part from 500 Hz to F? (m1) and high frequency part from F? to the highest frequency (m2)) (see Jesyou and Shadle 2002: 447 for further suggestions). From inside the Jesus and you will Shadle (2002), a worth of cuatro,100000 Hz are discover to own post-alveolar fricatives of Western european Portuguese, and in Lousada et al. (2012: 10), a value of 3,900 Hz try found on the bust regarding dental closes. However, so you’re able to incorporate it scale to the current study, we had so you’re able to adapt they to your Shine research, while (and therefore simplifying) your place of articulation is far more otherwise quicker consistent to own relevant phonemes. Within our instance, we found a F? value of 5,000 Hz for all alveolo-palatals. Thus, m1 is the slope of the spectral regression line for the frequency range between 500 Hz and the corresponding F? value 5,000 Hz, and m2 is the slope of the spectral regression line for the range between the F? value of 5,000 Hz and 11,000 Hz.

The results exhibited in part step three depend on 699 tokens (394 who has /?/ and you may 305 with which has ; 325 tokens was in fact manufactured in this new company sentence and you will 374 within the the language). The fresh new multidimensional analysis displayed for the part 4.step one is dependant on 1942 tokens.

Into the highest regularity variety (5,100000 Hz to eleven,one hundred thousand Hz) there clearly was a mathematically significant difference among them variants, namely, the mountains of your regression outlines of your the brand new variations try steeper.

Basically, the outcomes indicate significant spectral differences between Basic Polish sibilants as well as their the latest versions. The study means that the brand new details used in the new LDA was in a position to discriminate as much as 83.3% of the analysis regarding fricatives and you can 91.2 % of one’s study when it comes to new affricates.

cuatro.dos. Sociolinguistic theory

Inside share, this type of and many more studies recommend that decades, sex, social group and many other societal groups and you can audio speaker properties was crucial determinants out of phonetic variation. In addition, it is clear that phonetic adaptation isn’t reducible in order to anatomic distinctions. It will be contended one to each other many years and you can intercourse gamble a great part on the social distribution of the the brand new versions away from alveolo-palatals.

” tabindex=”0″> An equivalent linguistic characteristic might have been identified regarding the Songyaun dialect regarding Chinese, where ladies try claimed to exchange /?/ that have /s?/ throughout the practical lexical contrast /s ? ?/ under the influence of the fresh new Beijinghua “feminine feature” (Li 2005;Beckman 2012). This case directly the thing is that the brand new discussed developments in Polish. Although not, this is not wanted to believe that the students women who follow these phonetic variations “have to” voice childish or younger. In another circumstance, the choice is inspired from the peer pressure and is maybe not teleological. The students ladies merely simulate their peers additionally the wish to sound childish cannot compose the prime inspiration into the change. You are able that the stereotypes and you will stigmatisations try later pushed onto the the new variants away from sibilants by the old audio system. Non-teleological reasons similar to this were recommended on have fun with from creaky sound because of the American ladies (Yuasa 2010).

5. Bottom line and you may completion

Beckman, M. 2012. “Straightening the timelines out of phonological buy and change”. Paper offered during the second Workshop to your Sound Changes. Munich. Search inside the Yahoo Scholar

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Zygis, M., D. Pape and you can L. God. 2012. “(Non)retroflex Slavic affricates as well as their determination. Facts of Czech and you may Polish”. Record of your own Worldwide Phonetic Association 42(3). 281–329. /S0025100312000205 Browse during the Yahoo Scholar