We cheated a current databases, depending because of the our lookup class, toward food and drink intake getting 984 people

2. Material and methods

Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p

Specifically, brand new WBQ brings: (A) data toward profile of your fellow member; (B) tape out-of usage into time of the earlier week off solid and liquid dinner, water or drinks from a semi-decimal eating regularity questionnaire (FFQ) out of 58 food validated to possess estimating energy intake while the a lot more glucose and you may honey that’s put into drinks; and you will (C) quote off physical working out along with their the new Globally Physical working out Questionnaire (IPAQ) , hence facts time of physical activity within about three interest levels (intense, reasonable, lightweight do it) otherwise inactive requirements. The IPAQ might have been validated in earlier times as a corner-federal instrument to have recording physical activity [20,21,22] and also to imagine times expenditure.

The ability and you may h2o stuff out-of recorded ingredients and you can beverages is actually assessed using the Diet Studies Along with (Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., Belmont, Ca, USA), and this spends composition investigation from the USDA National Mineral Database and you will picked Greek ingredients (we.e., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek natural yogurt, lentiles kidney beans soups, numerous Greek pies, souvlaki, overflowing tomatoes) . Based on complete times consumption and effort expense, opportunity harmony are evaluated as well.

Within study, “drinks” relates to fruits juice otherwise packed juices 100% as opposed to sugar posts, sugar-sweet drinks (SSDs) (fruits nectar with glucose, carbonated drinks which have glucose and energy/isotonic drinks), low calorie soft drinks, teas and you can organic infusions, milk products (all types of milk products, chocolates milk products and you will cocoa take in), milkshake and you will sherbets, coffee and coffees products, and alcohol (beer, wines and all type of liquor). “Take in time consumption (DEI)” describes times consumption out of drinks “full time consumption (TEI)” in order to opportunity consumption regarding the provide and you can “energy consumption of edibles” so you can energy intake off strong and you can liquid delicacies (age.g., soups). The new sum regarding products organizations to help you complete time consumption (studies regarding Malisova ainsi que al. 2013), presented since full water intake (TWI), i.elizabeth., liquids off beverages, h2o, solid and you can water meals and also as drink drinking habits (DWI), we.age., water away from beverages and you may liquids.

3. Analytical Research

Email address details are shown due to the fact imply ± sd into generally distributed details and median (P25–P75) towards the skewed of those. Normality are tested using the possibilities–probability spot (P–P plot) and you can histograms. Differences between everyone regarding your overall times consumption, energy of drinks, times regarding meals, opportunity expenditure, time equilibrium, drinking habits, liquid away from water and you may drinks, liquids from products, water out of drinking water, h2o out of items, drinking water losses and you may liquid balance have been examined toward separate sample t-decide to try toward generally speaking marketed details therefore the Mann-Whittney U-test with the skewed ones. Likewise, differences when considering the fresh new five quartiles of your time regarding beverages have been assessed on you to-means ANOVA F-try towards the usually delivered variables additionally the Kruskal-Wallis H Attempt towards the skewed ones. Advantages top are set from the 5%. Correlations within share out of beverages so you’re able to water intake into the relation so you’re able to energy from inside the wintertime and you may june was indeed looked at of the Pearson’s otherwise Spearman’s correlation coefficients to possess normally distributed or skewed details. Every mathematical analyses did having fun with PASW Analytics 18 (SPSS Inc, Chi town Chaozhou girls sexy, IL, USA).